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Reading and Steering Representations of Materials-Science Mechanisms in an Open-Weight Language Model

5 upvotes · 22 JUL 2026 · Markus J. Buehler

This paper investigates whether large language models, like Google's Gemma-4-E4B-it, represent scientific concepts and governing physics, and whether this representation affects their answers. Practitioners caring about the accuracy and reliability of language models in scientific domains might find this research valuable.

materials sciencelanguage modelsopen-weight modelshidden statescausal reasoningbenchmarking